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An proxy is also known as a proxy server is software that functions as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without proxy servers, users can send a request for something directly through a server, and the server will deliver the resource directly back to the user. Though this approach is simple to understand and implement, the addition of proxies can bring advantages in terms of increased performance, privacy, security, and more. Apart from offering a security layer proxy servers also act as a security safeguard for the internet, separating clients from servers.




The consensus is that the collection of server hardware along with installed proxy software is often called proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxies which are usually classified as software, and in the case of web servers. We will present a summary of the two principal kinds that are forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use, which can be confusing due to a similar naming convention.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxies are and what subtypes they are and how they work in the common configurations. In in this post, you'll discover how to recognize the circumstances in which it is beneficial to use a proxy, and decide on the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In another way a forward proxy, also referred to as an open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who wishes to forward a request via the internet to an origin server. In this scenario every request from the client's side will be sent straight through the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in the place of the client will review the request. It will first determine if this client is authorized to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides if it wants to deny a request and forward it to the server that originally received it. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet. It can only access what the forward proxy permits its access.




The most popular reason for using forward proxy services is to gain greater privacy or security when surfing the internet. A forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet in place of a client, and as such it can utilize an IP address that is different from the original IP address used by the client.




Depending on how they've been configured in the past forward proxy servers are able to provide a range of choices and permit you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any limitations based on your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies can also be employed in systems that offer central security and authorization based access, such as in the workplace. When all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy,, administrators can limit access to those clients who are and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls for the client layer which could comprise a variety of machines that have different user and environment the firewall could be placed into the forward proxy layer.




It is important to note that settings for forward proxy have to be manually configured for use to function, while reverse proxy settings can be disregarded by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a client is sent to the origin server through the forward proxy privacy and anonymity can be granted or not.




There are several possibilities to consider for forward proxies




Apache: A popular open-source web server with forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver with forward proxy features.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide a complete internet server. Follow our step-by-step instructions to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy that runs the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP which makes it better suited to situations such as peer-to-topeer connections. It is also possible to look at how you can install an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy serves as a representative of a web server that handles incoming requests from clients. Web servers can comprise a server or multiple servers. Also, it could be used as an application server like Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request for an application comes by a user on the internet generally. In the majority of cases, the request will be sent directly to the web server with the information that the client is asking for. Reverse proxy, however, serves as an intermediary shielding Web servers from direct interaction with the public internet.




From the point of view that is an individual's view, connecting with a reverse proxy is no any different from using an internet server direct. It's the same, but the client cannot be able to discern the distinction. The client makes a request for a resource and then receives it without any further configuration needed on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic that is inbound, based on rules you can design.


The caching feature is now available to users.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxy providers offer this feature to only the server layer, and not the client layer. Instead of having firewalls running at the web server layer that could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk of the firewall security is focused at reverse proxy layers. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interacting with firewalls as well as dealing with client requests outside of web servers allows them to concentrate on providing the needs of their customers.




When there is a multitude of servers hosted with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy is also responsible to direct which requests are routed at which server. There could be multiple web servers providing identical content or offering various types of resources or a mix of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol in the same way as a traditional web server, but they can include different protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy servers to redirect the clients towards specific servers based on the requested resource or follow specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can make use of their position ahead of web servers, by providing caching capabilities. Massive static resources can be configured with caching rules to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are solutions even allowing you to serve static assets directly without having to connect to a web server even once. Additionally, the reverse proxy can control compression of these files.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a very popular reverse proxy option. While Apache has a reverse proxy option, it is not a reverse proxy solution. Apache web server is also equipped with reverse proxy functionality that is an added characteristic of Apache while Nginx was originally designed for and focuses on its reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" have a connotation of directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing, because both types of proxy are able to handle requests and responses. A better approach to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to study the specifications of the application that you are building.




Reverse proxy is beneficial when creating a solution to provide web-based services over the internet. They serve as your web servers when you interact on the web.




Forward proxy is useful when it is displayed in front of customers for personal use or within the corporate setting. They represent your clients when you interact with the internet.




The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing solely on commonly used naming conventions can help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



This article defined the meaning of a proxy, which includes two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a summary of the beneficial features were utilized to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about the process of implementing proxies you can check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy using Apache in the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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